Tuloszian States
Sometime around 3900 BCB, Tulosz was home to the Torzu Empire in the west and the Bolstu Empire in the east. These two empires would fight for control of the continent for several hundred years until the the Ash Winter caused them both to collapse and disappear. Another centralized nation state would not emerge in Tulosz until the Tuloszian War Council formed the human Kingom of Tulosz under Prince Szoliu in 454 as a response to the orcish invasions.
The entire continent would be centrally governed as a kingdom until it collapsed due to insolvency in 1185 with various regions reconstituting themselves in different ways.
Domain of Tulosz
The Domain of Tulosz is the rump state that remained in place after the collapse of the Kingdom of Tulosz and the dissolution of the Monarchy in 1185. The Domain of Tulosz still has its capital in Desdiima, with its territories limited to the western end of the continent. These territories were largely the holdings of the extended royal family of Tulosz and their vassals, and following the bankruptcy of the Kingdom (and several uprisings and coups) most of the cities in these regions continued to be held together by family ties and land rights. The Domain of Tulosz, which was forced by the Trade Bank of Boznel to adopt a constitution empowering a governing council of representatives from Great Houses across the region still has a monarch acting as a ceremonial figurehead, but without legislative or executive authority. Additionally, the holdings of the Kingdom of Tulosz in western Ayodesh were established as the Principality of Marqash, a vassal state with a regent for a ceremonial figurehead and another governing council. Technically, the two states form a federation, but practically, given the distance between them, they autonomous allies.
Free States of Bulostioi
Even during the Imperial Era, when all of Tulosz was united under the central rule of the Kingdom of Tulosz, there were tensions between east and west. These tensions are historical, and have always been principally religious, with eastern Tulosz being predominantly Vehiran and western Tulosz being mostly Azanist. With the dissolution of the Kingdom in 1185 the city states in central and eastern Tulosz began rechartering themselves in the midst of lashbacks and purges against nobles and royalists who wanted to reform a nation state. Consequently, no centralized governments were formed in central or eastern Tulosz. By the 14th century the area of central Tulosz had formed an unofficial league of city states recognized as Free Tulosz, while the Bulostioi region had formed a distinct, yet still unofficial league of city states referred to as the Free States of Bulostioi. Neither of these regional leagues of city states are confederated into any kind of formal state-like structure, and the distinction between them is mostly economic and cultural.
Free Tulosz
Similar to the city states in the east of Tulosz, those in the central region also adopted a strong anti-royalist stance following the dissolution of the Tuloszian Kingdom. Like the Free States of Bulostioi, Free Tulosz is a non-confederated unofficial league of city states connected largely by culture and trade.
Tuloszian Republic
Following the dissolution of the Tuloszian Kingdom - which largely came about as a consequence of the Trade Bank of Boznel calling in the debts of the crown - many of the lands and holdings of the south western region of the continent were seized by the Bank. Because the Bank had no way to manage or administer these lands, they sold them off to powerful families and factions in the region and then worked with them to back the formation of a republic. The Tuloszian Republic was founded by a constitution that makes hereditary rule illegal and vests power in an elected Senate who appoint one Consuls each year to a three year term. Under this system there are always three Consuls; the Senior Consul, the Sophomore Consul, and the Junior Consul, all of whom preside over the Senate with equal power. Uniquely, the three Consuls must always be of three different species.